An urban assault lives or dies by the speed of entry. FM 31-28 outlines the tactical calculus of breaching, splitting methods primarily into two categories:
If you are seeking a PDF for academic or historical study, check official government archives (e.g., DTIC.mil) or FOIA requests – but be aware that even unclassified SF manuals are often restricted from public distribution due to operational security (OPSEC).
The manual structures advanced urban combat training around a progressive methodology. Detachments advance from individual fundamentals to coordinated, multi-team direct-action operations. 1. Advanced Marksmanship Fundamentals An urban assault lives or dies by the speed of entry
utilizing specific transition mechanics between primary carbines and secondary pistols.
Calculating precise net explosive weight (NEW) to destroy locks and hinges without collapsing the entire structure on the assault team. 3. Urban Navigation and Movement Calculating precise net explosive weight (NEW) to destroy
Prior to the late 1990s, much of the U.S. military’s urban doctrine focused on conventional, large-scale clearing operations—often characterized by high casualties and heavy structural damage. However, the unique operational mandates of the U.S. Army Green Berets —such as counter-terrorism, direct action, and foreign internal defense—demanded a more precise approach.
The technical knowledge contained within the FM 31-28 PDF focuses heavily on what is fundamentally known as the "Modern Technique of Weaponcraft," adapted specifically for the tight geometric confines of rooms, hallways, and stairwells. The manual breaks down advanced urban combat into several highly integrated disciplines: 1. Close Quarters Marksmanship (CQM) Army Special Forces Command (USASFC)
Developed to provide a common doctrine and training strategy for Special Forces Groups conducting high-intensity urban combat.
In the late 1990s, military leadership recognized that global shifting populations were moving into densely packed metropolitan hubs, making city environments the definitive battlefields of the 21st century. Under the guidance of then-Brigadier General William G. Boykin, Commander of the U.S. Army Special Forces Command (USASFC), the Army launched SFAUC.
Here are the core tactical pillars outlined in the document:
[Academic/Professional] Date: April 20, 2026